Kugadzirira kwe
Nekuda kwekushanda kwakasimba kweCalcium Metal, yainyanya kugadzirwa ne electrolytic molten calcium chloride kana calcium hydroxide munguva yakapfuura. Mumakore achangopfuura, nzira yekudzikisa zvishoma nezvishoma yave nzira huru yekugadzira Calcium Metal.
Iyo nzira yekudzikisa ndeye kushandisa simbi aluminium kuderedza lime pasi pevacuum uye yakanyanya tembiricha, uye wozogadzirisa kuti uwane calcium.
Iyo nzira yekudzikisa inowanzoshandisa limestone seyakabikwa, calcined calcium oxide uye aluminium poda seanoderedza agent.
Iyo pulverized calcium oxide uye aluminium poda inosanganiswa zvakafanana mune imwe chikamu, yakatsikirirwa kuita mabhuroko, uye inobatwa pasi pe 0.01 vacuum uye 1050-1200 â tembiricha. Kugadzira calcium vapor uye calcium aluminate.
Maitiro ekuita ndeiyi: 6CaO 2Alâ3Ca 3CaOâ¢Al2O3
Iyo yakaderedzwa calcium mhute inopenya pa750-400 ° C. Iyo crystalline calcium inobva yanyungudutswa uye yakakandwa pasi pekuchengetedzwa kweargon kuti iwane dense calcium ingot.
Iyo yekudzoreredza mwero we calcium inogadzirwa nenzira yekudzikisa kazhinji inenge 60%.
Nekuti maitiro ayo etekinoroji zvakare ari nyore, nzira yekudzikisa ndiyo nzira huru yekugadzira metallic calcium mumakore achangopfuura.
Iyo inopisa pasi pemamiriro akajairika inogona kusvika nyore painonyungudika yesimbi calcium, saka inokonzeresa kupisa kwesimbi calcium.
Iyo yekutanga electrolysis yaive nzira yekubata, iyo yakazogadziridzwa kune yemvura cathode electrolysis.
Kubata electrolysis yakatanga kushandiswa naW. Rathenau muna 1904. Iyo electrolyte inoshandiswa isanganiswa yeCaCl2 neCaF2. Iyo anode ye electrolytic cell yakavharwa nekabhoni senge graphite, uye cathode inogadzirwa nesimbi.
Electrolytically desorbed calcium inoyangarara pamusoro pe electrolyte uye inonamira pa cathode ichisangana nesimbi cathode. Sezvo electrolysis ichifambira mberi, cathode inokwira maererano, uye calcium inoumba tsvimbo yakaita karoti pane cathode.
Kuipa kwekugadzirwa kwekarusiyamu nenzira yekubata ndeiyi: kushandiswa kukuru kwezvinhu zvakabikwa, kunyungudika kwakanyanya kweCalcium Metal mu electrolyte, kushomeka kwezvino, uye hurombo hwechigadzirwa (inenge 1% chlorine yemukati).
Iyo yemvura cathode nzira inoshandisa copper-calcium alloy (ine 10% -15% calcium) semvura cathode uye graphite electrode seanode. Electrolytically desorbed calcium inoiswa pane cathode.
Iyo shell ye electrolytic cell yakagadzirwa nesimbi yakakandwa. Iyo electrolyte musanganiswa weCaCl2 neKCI. Mhangura inosarudzwa seyakaumbwa nealloy yecathode yemvura nekuti kune nzvimbo yakadzika yakadzika yekunyungudika munzvimbo yakakwirira yecalcium yemukati mucopper-calcium phase diagraph, uye copper-calcium alloy ine calcium inokwana 60% -65. % inogona kugadzirirwa pasi pe700 ° C.
Panguva imwecheteyo, nekuda kwehutsi hushoma hwemhangura, zviri nyore kuparadzanisa panguva ye distillation. Mukuwedzera, copper-calcium alloys ine 60% -65% calcium ine yakakwirira density (2.1-2.2g/cm³), iyo inogona kuvimbisa delamination yakanaka ne electrolyte. Iyo calcium yemukati mu cathode alloy haifanire kudarika 62% -65%. Ikozvino kushanda kunenge 70%. CaCl2 kushandiswa pakirogiramu yecalcium ndeye 3.4-3.5 makirogiramu.
Iyo copper-calcium alloy inogadzirwa ne electrolysis inoiswa kune yega yega distillation pasi pemamiriro e0.01 Torr vacuum uye 750-800 â tembiricha kubvisa tsvina inoputika senge potassium nesodium.
Ipapo yechipiri vacuum distillation inoitwa pa1050-1100 ° C, iyo calcium inonyungudutswa uye yakanamirwa muchikamu chepamusoro chetangi re distillation, uye yakasara mhangura (ine 10% -15% calcium) inosara pazasi pe. tangi ndokudzokera kune electrolyzer kuti ishandiswe.
Iyo crystalline calcium inotorwa iindasitiri calcium ine giredhi re98% -99%. Kana iyo yakazara ye sodium ne magnesium mune mbishi zvinhu CaCl2 iri pasi pe 0.15%, iyo copper-calcium alloy inogona kunyungudutswa kamwe chete kuti iwane metallic calcium ine zviri mukati â¥99%.
High-purity calcium inogona kuwanikwa nekurapa maindasitiri calcium nepamusoro vacuum distillation. Kazhinji, tembiricha ye distillation inodzorwa kuita 780-820 ° C, uye iyo vacuum degree ndeye 1 × 10-4. Distillation kurapwa hainyanyi kushanda pakuchenesa chlorides mucalcium.
Nitride inogona kuwedzerwa pazasi pe tembiricha ye distillation kuita munyu wakapetwa kaviri muchimiro cheCanCloNp. Iyi munyu yakapetwa kaviri ine mhute yakaderera uye haisi nyore kushanduka uye inoramba iri mune zvakasara zvedistillation.
Nekuwedzera nitrogen makomisheni uye kucheneswa nevacuum distillation, huwandu hwezvinhu zvisina kuchena chlorine, manganese, mhangura, iron, silicon, aruminiyamu uye nickel mucalcium inogona kuderedzwa kusvika 1000-100ppm, uye yakakwirira-kuchena calcium ye99.9% -99.99% inogona kuwanikwa.
Yakawedzerwa kana kukungurutswa kuita matanda nemandiro, kana kucheka kuita zvidimbu zvidiki uye zvakaputirwa mumidziyo isina mweya.
Zvinoenderana nedziri pamusoro nzira nhatu dzekugadzirira, zvinogona kuoneka kuti nzira yekudzikisa ine nyore tekinoroji maitiro, inopedza simba shoma uye inopedza nguva shoma, uye yakanyanya kukodzera kugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri.
Naizvozvo, nzira yekudzikisa ndiyo nzira huru yekugadzirwa kweCalcium Metal mumakore achangopfuura.
